Company Profile Of Tesla Motors - 1364 Words

History of Operation Tesla Motors was incorporated in 2003. in 2016, it began production of the Roadster in 2009, Model S unveiled. in 2010, TSLA IPO launched; Announced partnership to develop powertrain system with Toyota RAV4. in 2012, it Started building Supercharger Network across America and Unveiled designs and plans for Model X. in 2013, Tesla got Extreme Tech â€Å"Best Selling Luxury Car. IN 2014, Gigafactory announcement 200th Tesla Charging Station opened, and Musk announces anyone can use their patent in good faith. In 2015, Consumers reported â€Å"Best Overall Car† 400th Tesla charging station - 1st solar powered charging station; Model 3 announcements. In 2016, Chinese Facility Construction begins. (Gregory Whitney, 2016) The†¦show more content†¦Tesla has five pride in the basis of operational capacity, can guarantee the current and future sustainable development. Tesla in the promotion of positioning as the world s only senior electric car brand has been creating a Tesla brand context. The reality of the market performance is also very of the force. Tesla in the first three-quarters of 2013 sales is much higher than the BMW, Mercedes-Benz, and another luxury car brand. (Charles, 2016)The partner is Tesla s unique operating advantage. Tesla s competitive advantage comes mainly from the integration of the system innovation, from the vehicle engineering, electric drive, automotive Internet, manufacturing, assembly, component outsourcing, until the market terminal, without using the system integration approach to form the best whole process system. In the digital technology and Internet technology applications, Tesla can be said to achieve the ultimate. It fully realized the car mobile Internet functionality. The car s large-scale instrument panel touch screen is a symbol of the core components, a Tesla car information aggregation, and manipulation of the central control unit, with excellent customer interaction characteristic comprehensives. Tesla s financial capability not only in the strong financing platform capabilities but also for the end-user car provides one-stop financing services. InShow MoreRelatedCase Analysis : Tesla s Marketing Goals Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesSituation Analysis: Tesla, an innovative company initialising the movement toward self-driving cars, has recently been issued negative publicity as the safety of these cars is questioned (Levin Woolf, 2016). The company’s primary marketing goals are to increase demand for the Model S Car, encourage brand loyalty and awareness and to empower customer contribution to product development (Mangram, 2012). Tesla, being the first entrant into the niche market of electric, self-driving cars has presentedRead MoreEssay on The Tesla Motor Company1589 Words   |  7 PagesTesla Motor Company Company Overview- Tesla Motors Inc. (Tesla) is a company based out of Silicon Valley that designs, assembles and markets battery electric vehicles (BEVs), in addition they produce lithium-ion battery packs, and electric vehicle powertrain components. Founded in 2003, Tesla was the first new American automobile manufacturer to appear in years. It was the first automaker to manufacture and sell proficient BEVs in production. The company’s tactic is not really that of theRead MoreTesla Motors A Zero Emission Sport Car983 Words   |  4 PagesTesla Motors target their vehicles towards the upper middle class, where not everyone would be able to afford. Tesla is currently the only manufacturer of a zero emission sports car. While the threat of substitutes within the electric car industry Tesla faces is currently low, but due to the price premium of the product causes Tesla to face other substitutes such as gas vehicles, hybrids, mass transportation, and hydrogen vehicles. As Tesla only targets the upper middle class, environmental conservativesRead MoreTesla Overview, Industry Products1663 Words   |  7 Pages Tesla Overview, Industry Products â€Å"Tesla Motors, Inc. is an American automotive and energy storage company that designs, manufactures, and sells electric cars, electric vehicle powertrain components, and battery products.† Founded in 2003, the car company has taken the industry by storm by providing sleek, innovative and futuristic automobiles. In addition, the car manufacturer has revolutionized the automotive, renewable energy and manufacturing industry. Although the concept of the Telsa automobileRead MoreTesla Motors : An American Automaker And Energy Stockpiling Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesTesla Motors (regularly abbreviated to Tesla) is an American automaker and energy stockpiling corporation established in July 2003 by Elon Musk, Martin Eberhard, Marc Tarpenning, JB Straubel and Ian Wright, and is centrally locaeted in Palo Alto, California. The organization represents considerable authority in electric autos and their powertrain segments furthermore delivers battery charging gear. 2. Organization Profile Tesla Motors, Inc., created on July 1, 2003, plans, creates, makes and offersRead MoreTesla Motors : Becoming A Major Marketing Success Story1332 Words   |  6 Pages How Tesla Motors is Innovating the Auto-Industry Tesla Motors designs, builds, and sells luxury electric cars across the planet. Their company mission statement is to â€Å"accelerate the world’s transition to electric mobility with a full range of increasingly affordable electric cars† (Tesla site). The business has become a major marketing success story; they have payed off all debts and returned a profit in 2012. Elon Musk, a founder of Tesla Motors, created the business on a very strong productRead MoreBackground Information On Tesla Motors1428 Words   |  6 PagesInformation on Tesla Motors Tesla Motors was incorporated in July 2003 by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning, who financed the company until the Series A round of funding. Both men played active roles in the company s early development prior to Elon Musk s involvement. Tesla was founded in 2003 by engineers who had a mission to change the way the we thought of cars, and to convince our world that we can produce an electric car better than gasoline powered cars. In 1888 Nikola Tesla invented theRead MoreTesla Motor Stock Profile Analysis1963 Words   |  8 PagesTesla Motor Stock Profile: Tesla Motor Inc (NASDAQ: TSLA) is an all-encompassing electric car manufacturer based out of Delaware, USA. Telsa designs, manufactures and distributes its vehicles internationally. In recent weeks, it has seen a downturn in it’s stock value (-0.41 (-0.23%)) according to an article on Benzinga.com. Additionally, Jim Cramer, a radio personality from the daily finance news radio show, Mad Money, criticized Tesla Motor Inc., insinuating that it’s stock value is lowering becauseRead MoreGoing Green - Tesla Motor Sports3048 Words   |  13 Pages| | Executive Summary Tesla Motors is among the top 25 companies â€Å"going green† for our economy. Tesla motors is a venture aimed at proving that cars can be environmentally friendly, without giving up the speed and power, purchasers love. The cost of running this amazing, green driving machine is a mere 2 cents per mile. (Ryan, 2008) Tesla Motors is a company looking to produce a high-performance electric sports car, and is backed by a number of high-profile investors. Introduced in June 2006Read MoreTesla Electric Cars: Leading the Way in Luxury, Performance and a Cleaner Future585 Words   |  2 PagesTesla electric vehicles from Tesla Motors are gaining a reputation as the cars of the future. These models are not only known for their luxury features, acceleration, power, and nearly silent electric engines, but also for their green appeal. Individuals who can afford the hefty price tag are purchasing these vehicles because they are classy, fun to drive, and better for the environment than th e standard gasoline car. Tesla Motors are leading the way in innovation in the American car industry with

Aulani Marketing Report - 3654 Words

Introduction This marketing research project is developed to benefit the future development of Aulani, a Disney Resort and Spa, especially focus on green marketing perspective. In this project, the format of marketing plan is followed and it has four main parts. First, a general business description is given, having an overview of Aulani. Second, the internal business environment of Aulani is analyzed, from both fundamental principal of marketing perspective and green marketing perspective. Following is the analysis of Aulani’s external business environment, which can be divided into two parts, general environment and competitor analysis. Finally, SWOT analysis is withdrawn to conclude the previous analysis and two marketing strategies†¦show more content†¦Aulani is nestled between the lush green mountains and beautiful ocean waters, taken up 21 acres of beachfront property of Ko Olina. D. Promotion As a world’s leading company, Walt Disney Company is a master in terms of promotion. Besides using traditional channel, such as television, newspaper, official websites and radio, to promote, Aulani also makes use of social networking like Facebook and Twitter to create word of mouth momentum. The most impressing way of their promotion is that they welcome bloggers to come to their events and to interview their managers, which is not every company would like to does. The CEO of Walt Disney Company believes that social networking can easily reach people who might be interested in Disney and can get great their feedback immediately. Moreover, according to Lilly Yeatman, Marketing Director for Aulani, the current target markets of Aulani are Mainland United States and Japan, and they have several marketing managers to deal with issues in terms of these two regions. 2. Green Marketing As more and more people are aware of environmental problems which our human being are facing, most people nowadays do shopping with some degree of morality in mind, taking social or environmental issues into consideration as they select from a range of product or services. Therefore, the concept ofShow MoreRelatedInternet Based Marketing Communications: An Analysis of the Disney Website1167 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Internet Marketing Blog Disney Introduction The objective of this study is to answer the questions of what are the general advantages and disadvantages of using Internet-based marketing communications and what general factors are essential for a website to be effective in terms of marketing communications practices and strategies? This work will additionally answer as to which of these factors does the selected company use and how does it use them and whether it uses them effectively? How doesRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company Report15335 Words   |  62 PagesExecutive Vice Presidents, and Executive Vice Presidents. Each of these peoples over see their own team at their respective companies. The Board of Directors, who have the majority stake in the company, oversees the controlling interest. The CEO reports directly to the Board of Directors. Bob Iger Biography Who is Robert Iger? how did he reach disney highest position? * Board: Executive Board Job Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Since: 2012 Age: 60 * Iger has been the Chairman

Target Financial Analysis Free Essays

Juan A. Torres Rodriguez D01596038 Mini Case Assignment Target Corp. started in 1902 as Dayton’s Dry Goods company. We will write a custom essay sample on Target Financial Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now At 1911, Dayton’s Dry Goods is renames as Dayton Company, and commonly known as Dayton’s Department Store. In 1946 Dayton’s Department Stores started giving the community back 5% of their pretax profits, a practice that Target Corp still maintains. During the 1960’s Dayton’s create a new kind of store to appeal the masses called Target, opening the first Target store in the Twin Cities on May 1, 1962. The industry sector in which Target Corporation competes is in the retail sector reaching the $62. 7 Billion in sales. As mentioned above, Target competes in the retail sector, which makes the operating risks of the company mainly focused on customer’s perceptions, differentiation of brand, and anticipating consumer preferences to boost their sales, gross margin and profitability. If we take a look at Target’s 10K, the first risk factor they mention is the ability of differentiate the business from other retailers by creating attractive value propositions through a careful combination of price, merchandise assortment, convenience, guest service and marketing efforts. Another risk that all companies in this sector face is the macroeconomic condition of the country and the impact this has in their consumers. This lead us to the financial risk the company might have. One of the financial risks we have to consider in any type of company is the debt to total capitalization ratio. Based on financial information of their 2011 report, we can calculate the debt to total capitalization ratio in the following manner: Total debt: 15,726 million Total stockholder’s equity: 15,487 million, therefore: 15,726 / 31,213= . 50 or 50% Comparing their debt to total capitalization ratio with industry average, Target’s is too high. The industry debt to total capitalization ratio is 0. 36. Comparing the financial information of previous years Target went from 0. 58 in 2009 to 0. 52 in 2010, to 0. 50 in 2011. Overall, Target is improving significantly their debt to capitalization ratio, but still has some work to do. In regards of Target stock, currently they don’t have any preferred stock outstanding, just common stock. Target’s common stock is traded in the NYSE as TGT. The price of it’s common stock as of today is $62. 0, going up 0. 06 points. Target’s cash dividend yield on the Common Stock is 0. 0192 = 1. 92% = 2. 0: Cash dividends declared per share: $1. 20 Current stock price: $62. 50 Cash dividend yield= 1. 15 dividends declared/ 62. 50 stock price = 1. 92 = 2. 0 Target’s market capitalization is: 668. 4 million shares issued and outstanding x $62. 50 of stock prices = 41. 8 Billion Continuing with Target’s capital structure, if we look at Target’s liabilities section: Short portion of Long-Term Debt = $3. 3 Billion Long-term debt = $15. 2 Billion Therefore the total debt for Target would be: . 3 B + 15. 2 B = 18. 5 Billion Dollars Taking the previous calculation of Targets market capitalization of 41. 8 the total capitalization would be: 18. 5 B + 41. 8 B = 60. 3 Billion, or: 31% Debt 69% Equity As of November 18, 2012, Target’s current beta is . 48. Now if we would like to calculate what would be Target’s new beta without the long-term debt (unlevered beta) we need to use the Hamada formula for the unlevered beta bu= b/ [1 +(1-T)(D/S) bu= . 48 / [ 1 + (1-34. 3%) (18. 5/40. 6)] bu= . 37 If Target would not have any long-term debt, its beta would be of . 7. Moving to Target’s current Marginal Tax Rate, according to the Income Statement found at Target’s annual report, the rate is 34. 3%. In order to calcu late Target’s Cost of debt before and after taxes, we need to look for the bonds issued by a corporation. Since Target has not issued bonds, I took the cost of a long-term debt due in 2020 as my example. The rate of that long-term debt is 3. 875%. This would be the Cost of debt before any taxes taken. Now to calculate the Cost of Debt after tax, we need to proceed with the following calculation: 3. 875 ( 1 – 34. %) = 2. 545875 As mentioned before, Target doesn’t have any preferred stock. We can calculate the Cost of Equity using the Risk Free Rate of 3. 00% and a Risk Premium of 7. 5% points. Using the new beta of . 48 we can determine what is the Expected Total return by Common Stockholders: rRF = 3. 00 rRP = 7. 5 b= . 48 Cost of Equity = rRF + (rRP x b) =3. 00% + (7. 5% pts x 0. 48) = 0. 066 ? 6. 6% Given the dividend yield of 2. 0 we can also determine the Expected annual appreciation of Target’s Common Stock: 6. 6% Total Return – 2. 0 Dividend Yield = 4. % of E. A. A. With the previous information calculated we could proceed and calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital: wd = 31% ws = 69% rs = 6. 6% rd = 3. 875% Tax = 34. 3 WACC = wd ( 1 – T)rd + ws(rs) =31% ( 1 – 34. 3%) 3. 875% + (69% x 6. 6%) = 0. 053432 = 5. 3432% One of the last things used to evaluate in order to consider investing in a company is its Price Earnings Multiple. Target’s Price Earnings Multiple is calculated the following way: Stock Price= $62. 50 Earnings Per Share = $4. 50 P/E = Stock Price / EPS = 62. 50 / 4. 50 = 13. 89 If we compare Target’s P/E ratio with Wal-Mart, which is in the same industry, (14. 03 P/E), Target’s P/E is within ndustry. http://finance. yahoo. com/q/bc? s=TGT+Basic+Chartt=5y This chart was retrieved from Yahoo! Financial. In here we can see the performance of Target’s Stock (TGT) during the past five years. In 2008 Target’s started at approximately $55. 00; looking at 2009, the stock plummeted from the 60’s to the mid 20’s, which reflects the market crash. After this episode in the economy we can see that Target’s stock has recovered significantly. After performing the calculations, Target’s capital structure is optimal. However, the debt to capitalization ratio is high, at 50%. Target needs to lower its Long-Term Debt. Comparing Target’s debt to capital to the industry average, the industry average is 0. 36. However I would invest in Target. I think I would have an advantage over outsiders, because I used to work at Target Corporation. Target is a company that is constantly growing, and their sales demonstrate their market advantage over other retailers. What convinced me to invest into Target mostly was the P/E ratio. Comparing it to a corporation like Wal-Mart, which is really successful, Target’s P/E ratio is acceptable and attractive. References 1. Scovaner, Douglas A. (2011). Target 2011 Annual Report. Retrieved on November 18, 2012: https://corporate. target. com/annual-reports/2011/images/company/annual_report_2011/documents/Target_2011_Annual_Report. pdf 2. Stock Analysis on net. (2012). Retrieved on November 18, 2012. http://www. stock-analysis-on. net/NYSE/Company/Target-Corp/Ratios/Long-term-Debt-and-Solvency#Debt-to-Capital 3. Retrieved on November 18, 2012 http://ycharts. com/companies/TGT/pe_ratio 4. Yahoo! Finance. (2012). Retrieved on November 18, 2012. http://finance. yahoo. com/q/bc? s=TGT+Basic+Chartt=5y ——————————————– [ 1 ]. https://corporate. target. com/annual-reports/2011/images/company/annual_report_2011/documents/Target_2011_Annual_Report. pdf, page 5. [ 2 ]. http://www. stock-analysis-on. net/NYSE/Company/Target-Corp/Ratios/Long-term-Debt-and-Solvency#Debt-to-Capital [ 3 ]. https://corporate. target. com/annual-reports/2011/images/company/annual_report_2011/documents/Target_2011_Annual_Report. pdf, [ 4 ]. http://ycharts. com/companies/TGT/pe_ratio How to cite Target Financial Analysis, Essay examples

MT Crosby West Bank Water Treatment Plant- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMT Crosby West Bank Water Treatment Plant. Answer: Project title Implementation of Project Delivery System in MT Crosby West Bank Water Treatment Plant Introduction SEQ water is the body responsible for delivering clean and safe water to over 2.5 million people in the South East Queensland Area. The organization has been in operation for an extended period of time and has been utilizing old machinery for its operations. In 2015 Dr. Christian Rowan a member of parliament made a proposal to refurbish the west bank water treatment plant. In the year 2016, the updating project commenced. Referred to as the MT Crosby West Bank Water Treatment Plant, the SEQ water project main objective was the substitution of the old machinery with new and improved machinery that would effectively execute the tasks conducted by the old ones. This report will provide a detailed picture on the best model that was decided upon based on a review of the available finances and climatic condition in the area. All the data provided in the case were efficiently explored and the estimations used in the report were affirmed by the client and the contractual worker. Business case Project background According to a temporary worker who was contributing to the project, unlike most other legislative activities, the Mt Crosby West Bank WTP is an extraordinary project that any contractual worker would want to be part of. For the project to be successful there is a need for a significant level of worker aptitude as the workers need to be able to substitute the equipment in the water treatment plant without affecting the everyday operations of the plant. Workers lending their expertise to this project will be required to operate under minimum levels of speculation and utilize their skills to ensure the efficient implementation of the project. The need for recruiting workers with such high levels of competency is because the Mt Crosby West Bank Territory is a highly populated region and any disruption of the water flow due to the project would massively affect the residents of the region. The reason as to why this specific project was picked as a business study case for this report is b ecause it encompasses elements of organizational leadership, pre-development organization, and extensive aptitude levels among participating workers. 0bjective The objective of the Seqwater undertaking is the substitution of the equipment and machines with more modern backwash engines, valves, channels, and actuators. The project is expected to be completed after testing declarations are made for the equipment, mechanical and electrical illustrations are provided, and any imperfection with the new system resolved. Assumptions A number of assumptions have been made with regards to the project. Below is a list of some of the major assumptions that were made: Climatic conditions would be favorable during the construction. Services provided by the Mt Crosby East Bank are not required to cease due to the development. There will be efficient coordination between the groups involved in the project. The site of the project will be characterized by satisfactory work practices that allow for the efficient continuation of the project. Constraints Due to the magnitude of the project, there is bound to be a number of constraints that it would face. This section of the paper highlights some of the constraints expected as a result of the task. The project is based on a confined timeframe The project is based on a confined budget Work needs to be grouped in different work bundles to ensure supply of water is not exasperated. A complete shutdown of the water supply should only be done between 7 am and 6 pm after requesting for the same. Leitrature Review A number of researchers have contemplated some of the factors influencing the determination of PDS with regards to different nations. The research has resulted in questions being raised as to whether there exists a fundamental arrangement of some of the impacting factors as different examinations have resulted in varied frameworks of the affecting elements (Luu et al., 2006; Skitmore Marsden, 1988; Luu et al., 2003a,b;). The extent by which PDS accepts the task conditions and that with which it lines up with the goals of executing a particular venture needs to be considered in making PDS determinations (Yong Qiang et al., 2010). When reviewing the undertaking conditions, an individual PDS cannot enjoy precedence over the others and there is a need for the elective PDS to be contrasted with each other choosing the PDS whose attributes best fit the condition at hand. The term undertaking conditions in this respect are used to allude to characteristics of the task, outside conditions a nd project members. Different researchers have sought to develop a widely encompassing guideline of factors associated with a task that determine the choice of the PDS. Godon (1994) recognized customer attributes market conditions and task qualities as the major factors that drive PDS determination. Luu conducted an extensive survey of past investigations and proposed a guideline of 34 determining elements. Through the use of feature examination he identified 8 key components of which 3 are venture condition factors. Alreshaid and Mahdi (2005) emphasized on 5 key venture conditions and 25 sub-markers. Through the use of venture case examination, Touran et al., (2010) identified 3 venture condition factors and a corresponding 14 sub-factors. The variables identified through the literature can be categorized into two groups namely inward task conditions and outward task conditions (Yong Qiang et al., 2010). Inward task conditions refer to the in-house customer characteristics. The oth er venture conditions are seen as outward conditions from the customers perspective. Customers are usually more aware of their in-house traits than their outward traits. Thus both outward and inward venture conditions are disintegrating independently (Cho et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2015). Venture condition factors identified in the research work mentioned above are becoming increasingly precise thus getting increased in their complexity. The factor frameworks are largely reciprocal to each other and the same time different from each other (Touran et al., 2010; Luu et al., 2003). The variation is credited to the lack of understanding the reason why the task conditions should be considered and how PDS together with venture conditions have the capacity to affect extended execution. The lack of a working component investigation might lead to the incorporation of factors that are immaterial (Chang and Ive, 2002; Chan, 2007 Kumaraswamy and Dissanayaka, 2001). To guarantee the possibility o f a venture achieving its objectives there is a need to implement administration by process and administration by result target (Cheung et al., 2001). Venture result executions all have an impact on PDS determination (Yong and Mustaffa, 2013). It incorporates different viewpoints which are controlled principally by fundamental result execution challenges. In refining the examination center to comply with PDS determination literature, one should consider key result execution destinations of the PDs choice and utilized expression. Grice and Bennett (1990) identified determines factors that were related to the goals of a PDS choice. A number of examinations reviewing PDS determination have not considered the venture condition factor (Chang and Ive, 2002). The impact of PDS on venture execution is determined by venture conditions and as a result predictions for implementing an execution under certain PDS cannot be made without considering the conditions (Yong Qiang et al., 2011). This implies that PDS choice cannot be arrived at without dismantling the venture condition factors. Thus conclusions derive from the examinations should be connected under conditions such as the considered activities (Kumaraswamy and Dissanayaka, 2001). The relative importance of components change is evident in a number of investigations due to subjectivity and qualities of survey respondents (Yong Qiang et al., 2011; Chan, 2007). Concentrating on the determination targets of venture conveyance resulted in the achievement of wide accord with regards to the goals of PDS choice (Ng et al., 2002). This allows for the incorporation of the venture target factor framework into an arrangement of the various components that represent PDS. Critical achievement factors refer to the basic variables contributing to the effectiveness of a task (Tabish and Jha, 2011; Chan et al., 2004). A number of examinations on the CSF made proposals on similar investigations and developed casual connections for comparison (Yu and Kwon, 2011; Berssaneti and Carvalho, 2015; Yong and Mustaffa, 2012; Yong Qiang et al., 2012). Through PDS choice customers are able to select the structure if undertaking association, each members obligation, a hazard review structure etc. Dealing with PDS related variables can result in the coordination of the points of interest for the members with the best-suited assignment and in doing so enhances the effectiveness of venture association (Chong and Preece, 2014). Venture condition factors are exogenously given and thus cannot be altered by the customers in the short term due to their effects on venture achievements and unbending nature (Yong Qiang et al., 2011; Biesenthal and Wilden, 2014). This requires PDS and other key sensible variables to be customized so as to adjust to them (Baiden and Price, 2011; Alhazmi and McCaffer, 2000; Alam et al., 2008). Inalienable and controllable elements also come together to shape moderate procedure execution which is a perspective that adds to the definitive result execution (Yong and Mustaffa, 2013; Nguyen and Ogunlana, 2004 ). Based on this it is logical that past CSF investigations can be utilized in the determination of factors that affect the choice of PDS both partially and fully (Ling et al., 2004; Doloi et al., 2011). Opinion gaps between professionals in the People's Republic of China and those of other nations creating major projects are transitory associations which consist of the customers in the PDS structure (Chong and Preece, 2014). According to the hypothesis presented by the association, all the association structures of development ventures are guided by innovation advancements and set industry conditions (Shirazi et al., 1996). Even though the development advancements can be compared with others in an international setting, advertise conditional changes significantly crosswise over countrys thereby ascending to the PDS level of uniqueness. Before the opening up arrangement and change, the economy of China's was arranged midway and avenues on development ventures were stringent in the sense that all activities were conveyed by specific state-possessed organizations without offering due process and an option to decline (Xu et al., 2005). They were coordinated by state offices and linked t o an inflexible control line for the development cycle and the customers commanding society (Tang et al., 2008). Directions and Laws have been changed for the advancement of the appropriation aspect of PDSs so as to improve extended conveyance productivity during the post-change period. The challenges of arranged financial packages are significant, and the experts opinions are hard to alter. After being adept at understanding the customer's overwhelming society, a number of experts from China are happy with the DBB strategy which serves to improve the customer's ability to control tasks this is a huge contrast with advanced nations (Yong Qiang et al., 2010). Institutional and market conditions are capable of influencing specialists in China and other nations to have different opinions on the factors in determining PDS choice (Xu et al., 2005). This perspective of divergences is being watched and detailed by, group researchers, who are seeking to understand condition factors that are responsible for determining the attributes of PDS in China and association structures. A DEA investigation looking to review the productivity of PDS in Chinese affairs revealed that the administration perspective contrasts heavily with the Guangzhou Asian Game instance. Smith examined the different components representing the determination of PDS in the Guangdong territory from top to bottom and determined that it is a customer overwhelming society and conditions that are unique require Chinese specialists to identify customary DBB techniques. Past examinations made it evident that there is a perspective divergence with regards PDS. This is because a significant number of the examinations provide reviews that contrast greatly with the administration theory and failed to investigate singular variable perspective divergence. To fill the gap, this examination reviewed the perspective divergence through examining built up nations.

India`s Religion Essays - Hindu, Hinduism, Religious Identity

India`s Religion Religion plays a vital role in the Indian way of life. About 83 percent of the Indian people are Hindus, and about 11 percent are Muslims. The next largest religious groups, in order of size, are Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Jains. Religious laws of the Hindus and Muslim govern the people's clothing, food, and marriage. They also strongly influence the type of violence between Hindus and Muslims that led to the division of India into two nations, India and Pakistan. Many thousands of Indians have died in fighting between Hindus and Muslims. The bloodshed still occurs from time to time. Hinduism has about 453 million followers in India. Hindus believe that all living creatures will have many lives on earth after they die. Hindus are divided into groups on the basis of social classes. India has about 3,000 of these groups. They are called castes. Islam, the religion of the Muslims, has about 14 million followers in India. Most Indian Muslims live in the northern part of the country. When Pakistan became part India, about 6 million India Muslims migrated to the new country. Sikhism began as a movement to combine Hinduism and Islam. Sikhs in India number about 10 million, most whom live in the northern part of India. They are the leading wheat farmers. Sikhs forms one of the largest Indian of the largest Indian Army. Christianity has about 14 million followers in India. Many live in the state of Kerala, where they make up about a fifth of the population. Buddhism is ranked as India's chief religion in ancient times. Today, the country has about 4 million Buddhists in India.

hurricanes essays

hurricanes essays The second part of our report will be about hurricanes. A hurricane is an intense tropical low-pressure area with winds that are 120 kilometers per hour or greater. Hurricanes are also called tropical cyclone or typhoon. The most damage a hurricane does is when the storm surges hits. Storm surges are currents. They form when the hurricane piles up water along the shore and then blows it inland. They are much more damaging during high tide. Hurricanes grow larger and more powerful from the vast amounts of energy that go into them by condensing water vapor. Unlike a tornado hurricanes have no fronts. The middle of a hurricane is called the eye. The eye of the storm is usually 15 to 150 kilometers in diameter. However because the air in the eye in sinking there is no rain. There is almost no wind either. The eye is surrounded by intense thunderstorms called the eye wall. When you are in the eye of the hurricane you may think it the storm is over but then the other side of the hurricane hits. You may think the storm is over in the eye because there is no wind or rain and the sky may even be blue. The winds in a hurricane get stronger as they go into the center of the hurricane and they are most violent just outside of the eye. When A hurricane is fully growing it is about 650 kilometers in diameter with winds about 120 miles per hour. Unlike a tornado a hurricane can last for days at a time. They die out because they lose moisture. That is the hurricanes main need. Hurricanes require the upwelling of warm and moist air for them to keep on going. This report helped us learn more about hurricanes and tornadoes that we didnt know before. It told us things that were very interesting and that we would never now unless we did this report. ...

Anti-americanism in The Quiet American Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anti-americanism in The Quiet American - Essay Example In the meanwhile, they talk on the topics like French colonialism, communism, sex, social life, etc. But both these men get involved with Phuong, a local girl. Fowler is about 50 years old, while Phuong is in her twenties. Hence, there are complications in their relationships. Fowler has professional problems too, and he is reluctant of his married life. However, toward the end of the novel, Fowler discovers Pyle’s involvement in bombing of civilians. Moreover, Fowler himself gets involved in a plot to kill Pyle. At the end of the novel, Pyle dies while Fowler remains entangled over his affair with Phuong. The plot of the novel is not essentially political or oriented to military sciences and diplomacy. Rather, the two main characters of the novel get involved in a number of diverse events and objective studies from their most general viewpoints and often there are differences of opinion between them. As the novel starts, there are exciting descriptions of war, along with the visualization and vivid treatment of â€Å"the old Saigon story of the distinguished visitor who had lost his trousers fighting his way back to the safety of the police post. There was no protection here for the civilian.† (Greene, 41) Contextually, the two main characters, Fowler and Pyle, are sometimes debating on theology, religion, sex, romance, etc. Fowler’s views and comments reflect contemporary British social values, often independent from both the US and mainland European attitudes. On the other hand, Pyle appears to be an idealist, not only being relatively young and enterprising, but also willing to see something different from both capitalism and communism to come up in East Asia. The idealistic bend of his mind is somewhat criticized as Fowler remarks, â€Å"But Pyle, you can’t trust men like Thà © (one pro-American South Vietnamese). They aren’t going to save the East from communism. We know their

A Gambling Addict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Gambling Addict - Essay Example Ultimately, it invades, undermines and often destroys everything that is meaningful id a person’s life. This paper will seek to address the social concern that gambling addicts present to their livelihood and to those close to him as well as the steps that most often result to one being a compulsive gambler. Moreover, this paper will endeavour to correct popular myths and misconceptions which have been associated with gambling. In pursuance of this, it trails the life of Harry, a responsible family man who at first was an occasional gambler and together with his wife engaged in gambling for fun. however, after a couple of wins and exposure to several predisposing factors ended being a compulsive gambler and in the process causing a lot of pain to his family but subsequently being able to overcome the ugly addiction that gambling can turn out into being. Harry was a normal plain John, newly wed to his longtime girlfriend a few months now passed. He worked with behaviorally impa ired adolescent boys. In this field, the support staff was dominated by males who usually had a background that included at some level, participation in competitive sports. Such men were supposedly more equipped to deal with the rough nature of clients involved. It was in this world that he was first introduced to the world of sports gambling. The circumstances were that a colleague would pick up a bookie sheet (a form containing a list of all the available games that could be bet on during a particular day) and bring it to work. Initially, he only looked at college and professional football that were played on the weekends. This, however, did not produce the winnings he imagined. His gambling eventually became a daily, if not a twice daily habit. A Popular belief is that gambling is a choice and therefore a result of a lack of willpower, on the contrary, gambling is a disease like any other and it can affect anyone, even those with strong moral character. In the beginning, Harry pa rticipated with his wife in the ‘fun’ of gambling. The very occasional wins were encouraging and euphoric. As he began to delve deeper into the gambling and more loses, however, as an occasional gambler would do, she got bored of the loses and began to see less pleasure in the hobby and ceased gambling all the same. In fact, she encouraged Harry to get out of the practice. But then the compulsion was too great for him, while she quit, Harry’s compulsion could not allow him. He was growing into a compulsive gambler, no longer being the one making the decision but the impulse of gambling. He began to spend a large portion of his salary on gambling, and this created a strain on the marriage. His wife was a certified teacher and made a considerable amount of money working with students who were emotionally and behaviorally impaired in a private educational setting. In one year, according to their tax returns, they earned nearly $60,000, nevertheless, they had to file for bankruptcy on several occasions. The bank account could not keep up with the mounting losses. This caused a strain in their financial lives and affected their relationship more and more. This was against the widely believed perception that addiction was a victimless activity, as on the contrary, the negative effects of the gambling problem trickle down to the immediate family of the addict and to those dear to him. Harry’s ambition in life became the same as other compulsive gamblers, to get his money back. He always believed that he was going to win big. Be persistent- that was his thought pattern. He was now in the second step in the evolution of gambling addiction, that’s the, losing phase. Harry was losing money and he was trying to recoup his loses by

Answer the 3 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Answer the 3 questions - Essay Example This way, the laws empowered the states to serve the people, where this was a merit in the collection of revenue to deliver services to the citizens of different states (Bailyn 59). In order to effectively govern the emerging nation, the political leaders at that time made great accomplishments to come up with a workable body of political institutions, customs and laws. Evolution of laws and institutions One key benefit in the law was the creation of institutions that limited the power and ability of the state governments to ensure that there was minimal abuse of power.This was part of the creation of the bill of rights in the first to the twelfth amendment of the constitution, which limited the powers of state leaders and the federal authority. The federal authority was also created as an overall body that brought together the different states that formed the United States of America under the Articles of Confederation to cut down on the powers of the government and improve service delivery to the people. With the creation of articles of confederation or the amendments, there was disunity in the adoption of these amendments based on differences of opinion between federalists and anti-federalists bringing about a state of disunity. This is because creation of laws that protected citizens meant curtailing on the powers of the federal government and empowering state governments and its people. Another challenge was in the issue of internal wrangles in congress, where laws and debates were subject to corruption and ministerial manipulation, which was part of fears emanating from the newly found state of freedom from England. England, in this case was part of the reason why changes took place since it served as a colonial power that colonized America, and then unification of the different states after the declaration of independence. Another factor that led to political change in the America after the revolution was the need to alliances with foreign powers, where this prompted the creation of a confederation of the original thirteen states that created the base for the formation of the United States of America. This again brought about suspicions on the laws that would be passed by state governments in that they would be unjust, which a challenge was trying to get the bill of rights ratified by all the states in the confederation. Conclusion America holds a rich history related to the struggles and warring trends in each of the colonies to represent the political landscape from which the country rose. American politics are thus characterized by revolutions that seek independence from oppositional ideals propagated by the settlers. The cumulative implications of these political changes brought about individual liberty of way of life, full freedom of thought, expression, the press and elimination of religious influence from legislation and education system. These changes were mainly brought about by the political leaders who accomplished the e stablishment of political institutions and customs to govern the emerging nation. Q.2 Introduction The American society underwent a series of intellectual and evangelical renewals that greatly affected a number of colonists, a process that preceded the American Revolution during the late nineteen seventies. This period signaled the advent of an all round evangelism that viewed religion to

Antimicrobial Activity of Citronella Oil

Antimicrobial Activity of Citronella Oil Background of Study According to Tzortzakis Economakis, (2007) and Arshad et al. (2014), essential oils are volatile, complex mixes with have a solid smell and also structured by fragrant plants as secondary metabolites. Essential oil can be retrieved from plant parts such as buds, leaves, wood, bark, herbs, flowers, twigs, seeds and whole fruit by extraction technique such as steam distillation, cold pressing or extraction (Calo et al., 2015; Burt, 2004). Bakkali et al. (2008) and Calo et al. (2015) stated that essential oil components consists of two groups, terpene compound and aroma compounds. Wijesekara et al. (1997) and Hodges, (2014) also mentioned that terpene hydrocarbons and additionally their oxygenated subordinates, for example aldehydes, acids, alcohols, esters and ketones that presence in essential oils give the unique characters such as antimicrobial properties, antibacterial properties, antioxidant properties and antifungal properties. Citronella oil or scientific names Cymbopogon Nardus L. Randle or C. Winterianus Jowitt is one of the essential oils which is give impactful smell and lemony (Smoron, 2001) with have blue-green leaves that develop over to a tallness of 1.5 meters tall (Hodges, 2014) and are not entirely oil but less soluble in water (Calo et al., 2015). According to Man et al. (2012) citronella oil is well known by its character as mosquito repellent. Besides being mosquito repellent, antimicrobial properties is one of the properties that been investigate latterly (Billerbeck et al., 2001 Victoria et al., 2012). Calo et al. (2015) have summarized that essential oils and their components have been proven to have ability to control the safety of food and naturally contain active compound that can be found in many plants that give ability in reducing microbial growth in effective ways. Thus this finding plus with negative customer attitudes toward food preservatives made the uses of essential oil expan ding in demand to be as potential natural antimicrobials. Furthermore, Calo et al. (2015) highlighted that a perfect antimicrobial would be one that is accessible in huge volumes as a secondary desirable good and safe to consume. Thus, the citronella oil is one of the criteria that suit to be a perfect antimicrobial agent. Based on Environment Protection Agency (EPA), (1997) study, citronella oil is non-toxic and not harmful to human and animals. By inhibition of fungal growth or microbial in products, citronella oil can decrease the danger to human and animal health and make more demand for fruit and vegetable consumption since it can inhibit the growth of this creature. Thus, for this reason it often been proposed to do research in expanding toward the uses of essential oil. Problem Statement Food borne disease outbreaks that usually caused by microbial have made an attempt in reducing product safety and can affect market demand. It has been assessed that upward of 30% experience the food borne disease (WHO, 2014). Moreover, Acharya et al. (2011) stated that from 250 food-borne diseases microbial infection in foodstuff is the major disorder. Food borne diseases are the aftereffect of ingestion of foodstuffs tainted with microorganisms or chemicals and this can happen at any part in the process from food production line to consumers (WHO, 2014). Results from food borne disease is diarrhea and vomiting, this symptoms executes 1.8 million youngest consistently around the world in 2000 (WHO, 2002). A report by Sharifa Ezat et al. (2013) highlighted that number of cases that been reported as food poisoning caused by contamination of microbial shows higher incidence rate and number of cases compare to other disease such as Dysentery, Tyhoid, Cholera and Hepatitis A within year 2000 until 2009. While in agriculture industry, pathogenic and toxinogenic growth are one of the major issues that can influence cannot only fresh produce but also effect human health, economic loss and ecological security (Ru Li et al., 2013). Not only that, post harvest itself also loss their fresh produce during the supply chain and much of this is because of fungal and bacterial disease (Sivakumar Banos, 2014) for example contamination of Aspergillus niger that produce enzymes such as cellulose, amylase and pectinase (Ru Li et al., 2013) that cause food spoilage. Thus to combat this problem especially to control plant pathogenic growths, synthetic fungicides have been utilized because it do not give bad influence on the appearance or nature of the product (Cabral et al., 2013). Unfortunately, broad utilized of synthetic fungicides can affect human and animal that can lead to cancer, toxicity, environmental problem and long degradation period (Cabral et al., 2013; Calo et al., 2015). Antimicrobial chemical is one of the synthetic fungicides that have been used in agriculture such as aromatic hydrocarbons, benzaimidazoles and sterol biosynthesis inhibitors. Fludioxonil which is phenylpyrrole and Pyrimethanil which is anilinopyrimidine are the most popular one that used to control plant disease. Unfortunately, some of these compounds are not biodegradable and unfriendly to nature because it can presence in soil, plants and water also subsequently influence people through food chain relation (Cabral et al., 2013). In spite of the fact that synthetic fungicides have been thought to be the least expensive also best approach to avoid postharvest disease, the unfriendly effects to nature have reduce their acceptance. Objectives of the Study The goals of this study is to To investigate the antimicrobial activity of citronella oil To study the applications of citronella oil in foods To study the mechanical properties of coated PP film and the control PP film Scope of Study In conjunction with the problem statement and objectives of the study, all activities such as desk study, laboratory activities, data analysis and report writing are conducted in one scope of study. The scope of study can be portrayed as: i)Â  Laboratory activities PP film preparation Where the coating solution will be prepared and after preparation of coating solution the PP film will be coated with the coating solution. Fruit sample and E. coli sample The PP film that been coated with solution is then tested on the bacteria growth sample and the fruit sample. ii)Â  Data analysis Measure the ‘zero inhibition zone’ After the sample left for 5 days the clear zone will be formed around the PP film for the bacteria growth sample. The length of clear zone will be measured. Evaluation on fruit sample The PP film that been coated with solution is then tested on the fruit sample by wrapping the fruit sample. The condition of the fruit sample will be evaluated. Mechanical properties The strength of coated PP film and the uncoated PP film will be identifying with an appropriate machine. iii)Â  Report writing Preparation full report After getting the result from lab test, the discussion of the result will be made and prepared. Presentation of project report The study that been made along the semester 1 and semester 2 will be present in front of the panels.

Smart Phones Essay -- Technology, iPhone

Abstract: Apple’s iPhone initiated the popularization of smart phones in 2007. Smart phones and similar mobile computing devices have led to an unprecedented surge in mobile data usage which is a double edged sword as it generates more revenue for carriers, however the rapidly increasing number of devices and the way they operate, most wireless networks today are heavily congested which reduces the Quality-of-Service and will have detrimental effects in the long run if not curbed swiftly. This paper examines the effects smart phones have had on wireless cellular networks, their cause and what strategies will mitigate these adverse effects. I. INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION In the past few years, the mobile communications industry has seen an explosive growth of mobile data [1]. This phenomenon can be attributed to the Apple iPhone which when released in 2007 ushered in the era of smart phones and other mobile computing devices. Even though smart phones did exist before the iPhone, it was the Apple iPhone which truly brought smart phones to the masses. This was followed closely by Google Android, tablet computers such as the iPad and other developments in the mobile communications industry which paved the way for smart phones to become a substantial share of worldwide mobile handset sales. One key development which also led to the rise of smart phones was the development of high data rates standards such as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and Evolution Data-Optimized (EV-DO). Smart phones are able to provide users with a wide variety of features which usually require heavy data transfer such as video calls, high-quality video streaming, location- based data services and other content delivery services. These features led to the p... ...etwork to the maximum without causing network management issues. iv. The future network should be designed to support only data communication where the voice communication will be done over VoIP. An only data design would simplify the design of this network by significantly reducing the number of processes and eliminating circuit switching parameters. It should have an advanced air-interface coupled with a scalable backhaul network to deal with increasing mobile data. VI. CONCLUSION This paper analyzed the impact of smart phones on wireless cellular carriers. The cause and effects on carriers as well as possible mitigation strategies were explored. Network congestion is the immediate challenge facing cellular carrier, but the mobile industry as a whole faces numerous challenges ahead. The paper also discussed some of features that future networks might include.

HM Prison Service Essay

British is a very big company and its offices are all around the world and this why I think that the Chain of Command is more horizontally because its Directors and Managers are all over the places. They might have a Chief Executive from whom the orders are passed to directors. The number of workers in a chain of command id important to the efficiency of the business. But too long can make it difficult to communicate. HM Prison Service: Security – The department’s duty is to secure the prison so the other employee feels safer when they are working in this department and the other department.  Finance – Finance Department relates to every other department because every department has employee working in and they have to be paid by the Finance Department.  Operations – This Department relates because when an operation is going to happen they pass the information to the other departments. Personnel – This department relates to other departments because whenever a person is required for the Job for any department. The person is recruited by the personnel department.  Prison Health – This department relates to other departments because when an employee or a prisoner is injured or not feeling well, it means that they have to be taken to the Health Department.  Operational Policy – This department relates to operations department because when an operation is about to happen they have to pass the policies to the Operations Department. They have to be well organised to make all their aims and objectives possible and to make it an even easier place to work so that it can be more productive. There are different teams of people who are split into different functional areas so they are able to make the business operate more efficiently. All of the functional areas aren’t dependent on each other but have to work closely together to operate. There are six different functional areas of a business. I think because the organisation is not very large which means it has a very small and vertical Chain of Command. The more workers you have in the chain of command, the more specialised it becomes.  Segregation Unit – The purpose of the segregation is to maintain safety, its necessary to help prisoners address negative aspect of their behaviour and return to normal location as soon as possible. Example if someone is found breaking the rule, so they will lose privileges. Chaplaincy- The Chaplaincy provides spiritual care for all prison and all the staff, the team normally by an Anglican chaplain who will be responsible for the whole team including all the religions.  Education and Training – Educational and trainer services are available for all prisoners, assessing their skills and teaching basic and key skills. Some prisoners are offered further education. Housing Block/Accommodation – Prisoners live in housing blocks or residential accommodation.  Recreation Area – This area is responsible for the health and welfare of all of the prisoners. Some prisons have health care units where 24 hour nursing care is provided, whilst other prisons only provide primary care.  Workshop/Gymnasium – Workshop vary, and include contract cleaning, sewing, brick laying, car maintenance and light engineering work. Some prisons have craft workshops where anything that made by the prisoners may be sold for local charity. Health Care – This responsible for the health and welfare of all of the prisoners. Some prisons have health care units where 24 hour nursing care is provide, whilst other prisons only provide primary care.  Reception – Usually within housing blocks and has facilities such as TV rooms, pool tables and general open areas where prisoners can freely mix with each other. Visitors Centre – This varies from prison to prison, but usually provides an area where drinks and snacks can be bought. It’s usually where pre-visit checks take place, i.e. the name of the prison being visited and whether they are entitled to a visit. In the case of convicted prisoners, the visitor must be in possession of a valid visiting order which will show the name and number of the prisoner and the name and address of the person’s visiting. The Gate-House – Responsible for checking the ID of all staff, prisoners, visitors and contractors who are going into or out of the prison. This is noted to maintain in the correct roll of the prison. This usually confirmed with reception at any time.  Size – The larger organisation is the more formal the structure tends to become, in order to coordinate larger numbers of workers, departments and diversity of products. Because the BA organisation is a huge company and therefore the organisational structure is very long which makes it hard for BA to communicate with each others. This is where Technical and Operations area is most important because if that is not there they would not be able to communicate. Strategic plans – The type of structure depends on the strategic aims and plans of the business. For example, BA seeks to become more market oriented which will develop structures that place an emphasis on marketing and customers focus. External factors: Environment – BA has many competitors such as Ryan Air. Ryan Air are continually changing, what they have to offer. They may lower prices, bring out new products; engage in exciting new advertising campaigns, and a range of other activities. This is effect BA because they will loose their customers because they are getting better deals from Ryan Air.  Political – Example of Political factors for BA is that the government has put up taxations for BA which makes BA to increase the price of their flight which would affect BA to loose customers. Economic – The economy consists of businesses, individuals working in the functional areas and the government. Because it’s an international airline and BAA is getting the passengers from every corner of the world. This makes BA to pay for its resources such as labour and raw materials. Businesses are continually affected by changes in the economy.  Technological Factors – These factors result from the development of new techniques. Example, New types of products. For example in recent few there I massive change in IT which has transformed the way we run our lives.

NVJDH essays

NVJDH essays The Northern Virginia Juvenile Detention Home The Northern Virginia Juvenile Detention Home was established to provide safe, secure custody for juveniles being charged with a crime, or are awaiting court action. The majority of children are held pending court disposition or transfer to another jurisdiction or agency. A few children may be held temporarily for as long as three months. Currently the referrals come from the Juvenile Courts of Arlington, Alexandria, and Falls Church. In 1960, Northern Virginia built the home for the sole purpose of housing all of its juvenile delinquents. Over the course of thirty years, the home's size became the cause for concern to the Juvenile courts. Although there had only been one escape in the prior thirty years, The Juvenile Detention Commission of Northern Virginia felt that the home was too small. To deal with the growing cause for concern, a second detention center was built in Fairfax City. This home was to serve most of Fairfax County, splitting the duties with the older, original Northern Virginia Juvenile Detention Home. Formerly the NVJDH housed up to 80 youths in its one and only building. After splitting from Fairfax in 1992, the home increased its size by adding two newer, more modern buildings. Although larger and more modern, the newer home was built just to house up to sixty juveniles. There are quarters for up to fifty boys and ten girls. The judicial process for a juvenile charged with a crime, and awaiting court, begins at the NVJDH. The detention and judicial process is split up into three sections. These three sections most frequently add up to an automatic thirteen months of Detention home and court procedures. For the first three months on the juvenile's detention, it is spent in the NVJDH. This is where the juvenile receive social, emotional, cognitive, and other therapeutic recreation until their court hearing. If found guilty of the charge or charg...

What Effects the Bounce of a Dropped Ball Essay Example

What Effects the Bounce of a Dropped Ball Essay Example What Effects the Bounce of a Dropped Ball Essay What Effects the Bounce of a Dropped Ball Essay Aim The aim of this experiment is to investigate the efficiency of a bouncing ball, and the factors which affect its efficiency. Hypothesis If I increase the height from which a ball is dropped, then the bounce height will increase because it will increase the speed and create a larger impact, causing the ball to bounce higher then dropping it from a lower height. Materials 1. High bounce ball 2. Measuring tape 3. Tape 4. Wall Risk Assessment H- Cutting yourself with the measuring tape C- Handle with care and ensure that it is locked Method 1. Hold the measuring tape with the 0 centimeter end on the floor. Then tape the measuring tape to a wall. 2. Hold the bottom of the high bounce ball in place with the 100 centimeter mark on the measuring tape. 3. Drop the ball and determine the total bounce height of the ball, which would be the distance from the surface to the bottom of the ball at the top of its bounce. . Continue till you have data for 3 tests. 5. Repeat steps 2-5 for drop heights 80 cm 60 cm 40 cm 6. Average all the data. Variables Independent variable = drop height Dependent variable = bounce height Controlled variables = ball, surface, measuring tool Data Table Height a Ball Bounced From Different Drop Heights DROP HEIGHT (CM) TEST 1TEST 2TEST 3AVERAGE 10050495150 8038394039 6031293030 4022202120 Graph

Why people Join An Insurgency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why people Join An Insurgency - Essay Example Individuals join insurgencies in order to attain a better status, in order to seek revenge and because these individuals belong to weak socioeconomic backgrounds. One of the reasons due to which individuals join insurgencies is that they perceive that by joining insurgencies they can gain a better status within the society. Individuals belonging to a community may join the insurgency in order to prove that he/she is someone who should be respected as compared to other members of the community. Due to this desire to prove them, various individuals join insurgencies. Canter has cited a research in a textbook that has identified various advantages of joining an insurgency. The research suggests that joining in a violent revolt may help an individual in gaining respect through the fear they may inflict in his/her society and this is why individuals become a part of insurgency (Canter 24). Revenge and or retribution have become a highly known motive due to which individuals may join an insurgency. An individual may have never indulged in violent rebellions but he/she may be forced to do so due to his/her desire to seek revenge against those who he believes have done wrong to him. In recent years many individuals have joined the insurgent group Taliban and one of the reason that have motivated them to do so is because of the anti-US sentiments they have developed because of the drones attack in which people who had no connection with terrorists were killed (Greenfield 1). Socioeconomic background of insurgents is a major reason that pushes them into becoming a part of an insurgent group. Individual belonging to weak socio economic backgrounds fail to attain proper education and they do not have well developed cognition to differentiate between pro-social and anti-social behavior. Due to this these individuals face a higher risk of being brainwashed into thinking that joining an insurgent group is a pro-social

Human variation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human variation - Assignment Example e same note, natural selection entails the survival of the best species in terms of survival techniques since nature poses a wide range of challenges in a bid to survive. In addition to that, genetic shift entails the acquiring of survival traits and consequently the passing on the traits to the generations to come. Evidently, this is aimed at enabling the organisms, in other words, humans to survive and reproduce effectively in nature. Finally, there is the issue of chance inheritance which entails the selection of the most suitable survival trait in a bid to pass it on to the next generation. With the shifting and movement of people over the world, it has promoted the spread of traits. Evidently, for instance traits like the ABO are perceived to have originated from one region. However, with the movement of people with the aim of seeking the most appropriate place to settle the trait has been passed all over the world. It is worth noting that approximately everywhere in the world there exist the ABO trait in individuals. Notably, the passing on of this traits from generation to generation is aimed at enabling the future generation to adapt more to the environment they are exposed to. Adaptive traits are developed in a bid to adapt to the environment. Consequently, different environment suggest different traits thus can’t be used for classification purposes. On the same note, it is argued that this traits are liable to extinction once the particular adaptive environment is changed or does not exist anymore. Moreover, since the environmental factors change with time, new traits are likely to emerge in a bid to fit in to the changing environment. Consequently, since the emergence of traits is dependent on the specific condition that exists for instance environmental condition, numerous adaptive traits are expected thus the concept of adaptive traits cannot be used to classify humans since you may require an infinitely large number of subgroups. It is evident

Freedom Writers - Economics of Race and Gender Movie Review

Freedom Writers - Economics of Race and Gender - Movie Review Example The movie is made in the context of Rodney King sparked LA riots in 1992 and its impact on people with a special reference to the lives of students at Wilson High School after a few years of riots. Director set the stage for a serious subject in the very beginning of the movie while filming street situation and unrest during riots. Long Beach is a gang-infested and poverty-stricken place where violence and killing is the everyday story. This scenario wages a new war in streets and school is no different, a cynical resentment and anger moves in school hallways and triggers violent confrontations between students at any point in time. In the very beginning, Erin’s enthusiasm for teaching was scoffed at and her students were entitled to be â€Å"un-teachable† rather â€Å"at-risk† gangsters who can never be tamed. Despite her unexpected encounter with students and their arrogant behavior, Erin decided to fight for the purpose of her presence in school as a teacher. After the initial hostile reaction to her efforts, Erin creatively tried to be friend with students. It was the only way to unite the teens and teach them to think beyond the racial divided that they couldn’t cross even in the classroom. Their minds were blocked by the perceptions that they were anything except students; they were blacks, whites or Cambodians. Erin wanted to expose them to different perspectives and ideologies beyond their own streets and homes. It was only possible through books but to Erin’s surprise, school authority not only refused to provide books but other resources as well. For authorities, it was the waste of time and resources. Somewhat discouraged and shocked, Erin takes up the part-time job in order to provide students with learning aids. By encouraging students to write what they feel like in their diaries inspired by Anne Frank and Zlata’s Diary: A child’s life in Sarajevo, she not only worked on their language skills but also taught them tolerance and compassion.

Demonstrate the persistence of Wordsworthian ideal of country folk Essay Example for Free

Demonstrate the persistence of Wordsworthian ideal of country folk Essay Demonstrate the persistence of Wordsworthian ideal of country folk, childhood and natural education in the two texts that you have chosen. Critical Essay by Rachel Gowland. Wordsworth, as a poet of the romantic era, had several themes, which contribute to this title. This essay will be looking at these themes and discovering whether they have any relevance in the texts studied. These are, the Secret Garden and Goodnight Mr Tom. The preference for rural life and its people was at the height of fashion at the time of Wordsworth. Social reformers such as Rousseau talked about the noble savage and the rustic idyll was an accepted theme for artistes and poets alike. While the social revolutions may have changed by the time the texts were written, the ideals are still continued to some degree. Wordsworth had many sympathies with the victims and vagrants that wandered in the cities and the countryside. Many of his short poems were portraits of simple rural people, intended to illustrate the nature of these folk and their basic wisdom. Poems such as Michael (1880) have the characters almost fused with their natural surroundings. In Michael, patience and tenderness are the key features of the old mans character. There is strength and a natural affinity to the hills and fields in which he lived and worked. 1 The Secret garden is almost a glorification of rustic folk and their simple way of life. Mary Lennox first encounters Martha, who gives her glimpses of a simple life quite alien to her. Theres twelve of us an my father only gets sixteen shilling a week. I can tell you my mothers put to it to get porridge for em all. They tumble about on th moor an play there all day an mother says th air of th moor fattens em. (Page 32) 2 Through Martha, she begins to emerge from her egotistical former self. She starts to think about others rather than herself. Thank you. She said it stiffly because she was not used to thanking people or noticing that they did things for her (Page 71) 2 Martha appears a particularly content and dignified individual, who takes pride in her work and her family. She treats Mary as an equal in many ways and is amazed by Marys colonial pride. Marthas plain good sense is treated with respect throughout the book and her dialogues with Mary often bring about great changes in her young charges attitudes. It was not the custom that Mistress Mary should do anything but stand and allow herself to be dressed like a doll, but before she was ready for breakfast, she began to suspect that her life at Missthlewaite Manor would end by teaching her a number of things quite new to her. (Page 32) 2 Marthas is described as an untrained Yorkshire rustic who was not trained to be subservient and had no notion that she should be. In this way she becomes an emboldened character, who helps Mary to grow through her plain sense. Martha was obviously trained well by her mother who also is a rustic woman. She is almost the guiding hand in the background, helping Mary, and later Colin, to transform. Her wisdom shines through Martha and Dickon and all the principles held in family life. Hers is the good mother, the mother earth in Wordsworths poems. The respect for her and her kind shines through in the text as it does in the poems, through the voice of the narrator. She is again a considered equal in the narrators eyes to all who she comes into contact with. This makes it possible for her to contact Colins father and speak to him about his charges. I sent for you today because Mrs Sowerby said I ought to see you. (Page 112) 2 The idea of simple sense and country wisdom is proved right in the text. It is the uneducated, untrained folk in the text who can see through the external ugliness of Mary and Colins characters to the beauty that lies beneath. And it is the country folk who unlock these children from their past to an almost redemption. This celebration of rural life and the people can also be seen in Good night Mr Tom. The events that occur in Wills life in the city are overcome by the calm everyday life of the country and its folk. The main character in Wills life is Tom who exudes this country wisdom and good sense. Will takes to heart Toms thoughts when persevering with a new task like learning to ride a bicycle. He could hear his Dads words over and over again in his head. Takes yer time, everythin as its own time. (Page 291) 3 Tom guides Will through his life events, helping him to come to terms with all that life throws at him. This is in marked contrast to the ideas of the psychologist, Mr Stelton, whom they both encounter in the hospital when Will is rescued. Toms ideas of healing through fresh air, hard work and simple country life are in conflict with the ideas of analysis and treatment. Even the appearance of Tom as a gruff, solid but warm-hearted individual is different to the description of Mr Stelton. Tom was well into his sixties, a healthy robust, stockily built man with a head of thick white hair. (Page 10) 3 In contrast to The man was going bald and the hair that remained was of a thin texture. His skin was as white and shiny as a cloistered nun. He gave Tom a bland smile. (Page 217) 3 The psychologists educated ideas appear foolish in response to Toms good sense. As in The Secret Garden the figures of authority and city education are made to look ignorant in response to the wisdom of characters such as Mrs Sowerby and Tom. The characters in the village of Little Weirworld are full of warmth and sincerity, with a genuine sense of community that includes everyone in their midst. Their simple pleasures and way of life helps them maintain a sense of calm dignity and practical sense, even in time of crisis. When Mrs Hartridge received a telegram, it was with care and concern that the villagers arranged for someone to be there when she received it. This contrasts sharply with the lack of interest shown by the people in the district where Will originally came from. She keeps herself to herself. Bit of a madam. Thinks shes a bleedin saint if youll excooth me languid. She does night shifts so I dont never see her. I live next door yer see. Mind you, I dont arf hear some funny noises. Very funny. (Page 203) 3 Tom is ridiculed by the city folk for his accent and intention, but they appear very flippant and foolish when the full story is uncovered. Id like to git my hands on that women, the warden growled furiously. His pride had been shaken badly. It was embarrassing to have them think he didnt know his job. (Page 207) 3 Again, it is the simple country folk in the text who can see through the external ugliness and weakness to the beauty that lies beneath. And it is the country folk who unlock Will from his past. Wordsworth and his contemporaries, viewed childhood as a time of great innocence and joy. A time when new experiences are welcomed and emotions and senses are at there most responsive There was a time when meadow, grove and stream The earth and every common sight, To me did seem Apparelled in celestial light, The glory and freshness of a dream. (Line 1-5) 4 They viewed the child as a redeemer of the adult with their innocence and freedom of mind and spirit. In the Secret Garden, the children can be seen to hold the key to all wisdom. Martha plays an important part in helping Mary to grow into a whole human being. He wouldnt like me. Said Mary in her stiff, cold little way. No-one does. Marta looked reflective again. How does tha like thyself? (Page 61) 2 In the same way Mary then passes on her newfound wisdom to Colin and they both look to Dickon to expand their experience. It is Dickon who becomes the real redeemer. He exudes healthy childhood wholesomeness. A boy was sitting under a tree, with his back against it. He was a funny looking boy about twelve. He looked very clean and his nose turned up and his cheeks were as red as poppies and never had Mistress Mary seen such round and such blue eyes in any boys face. (Page 92) 2 He makes Colin believe that he can get well and walk. His positive calm attitude clears the gloom from Colins mind and he begins to believe in himself. When tha stops bein afraid thalt stand on em, Dickon said with renewed cheer. An thalt stop bein afraid in a bit. (Page 206) 2 Once Mary and Colin finally learn to become children again they can then redeem Colins father. He begins to wonder whether he can have a relationship with his son but has many doubts. Colin changes this by becoming a positive character that is not afraid of the future or his health any more. In this way he heals himself and also his father. It seemed actually like the laughter of young things, the uncontrollable laughter of children who were trying not to be heard. (Page 272) 2 And He said it all so like a healthy boy-his face flushed, his words tumbling over each other in his eagerness- that Mr Cravens shook with unbelieving joy. (Page 274) 2 The child as a redeemer can also be seen as a theme in Good Night Mr Tom. Will looks at Tom through the eyes of a child and as such does not see the gruff exterior that the villagers have seen for the forty years since his wife died. Will brings memories of his wife flooding back but with them comes healing. Tom stood behind him and stared over his head into the shop. He remembered how Rachel used to spin with delight in there. (Page 57) 3 Tom learns how to socialise again through necessity and becomes a member of the village community once more. Mrs Fletcher looked steadily into his eyes. His forehead had lost its old furrowed look. The deep pitted wrinkles had softened outwards. Behind his scowling manner was a kindly old man and if it hadnt been for the arrival of a rather insipid little boy, she might never have known, nor might anyone else for that matter. (Page134) 3 He responds emotionally to Will in ways that have been closed off for a long time. He called me Dad, he whispered croakily into the darkness. He called me Dad. And although he felt overwhelmed with happiness, the tears ran silently down his face. (Page 288) 3 In the same way, Will has his own redeemer in the shape of Zach, who teaches him to like himself and believe in his own abilities. As Martha and Dickon, Zach is a positive thinker who believes anything is possible. Will had lived all his life with criticism and blame, and Zach and Tom gave him back his self-esteem. Willie almost dropped the clod of earth he was holding. No one had ever said they liked him. Hed always accepted that no one did. Even his mum said she only liked him when he was quiet and still. For her to like him he had to make himself invisible. (Page 77) 3 In this way both Mary Lennox and Will are similar, in that they have to learn to love themselves before they can be loved in return or learn to respond to others around them. It seems clear that the theme of natural education is persistent in both texts. In the Secret Garden there is a distinct lack of formal education in all the children encountered. Mary had a series of governesses but learnt by her own volition, because she chose too. Her education almost begins again when she reaches Misstlethwaite Manor. Through Martha and Dickon she learns how to explore, imagine and play. She begins to discover the simple pleasures of play. The skipping rope was a wonderful thing. She counted and skipped, and skipped and counted, until her cheeks were quite red, and she was more interested than she had ever been since she was born. (Page 71) 2 At first alone and then with Colin she explores the garden and her curiosity and thirst for knowledge begins. The awakening of the garden itself mirrors her awakening. They learn through this almost holistic approach, that through the garden and nature they become physically, socially and emotionally aware. Again it is Dickon who inspires them with his positiveness and his knowledge. Dickon, has little formal education but has a wealth of knowledge which appears to be much more useful than the facts leant in a classroom. He is a pure Wordsworthian invention. Do you understand everything birds say? said Mary. I think I do and they think I do, he said. Ive lived on th moor with em so long. Ive watched em break shell an come out an fledge an learn to fly an begin to sing, till I think Im one of em. (Page 95) 2 His mind is unfettered and unspoilt by a formal education, especially one that almost encourages passive learning i.e., the vessels to be filled approach, over active exploration and discovery. Mary and later Colin learn to become independent and active thinkers. Colin saw it all, watching each change as it took place. Every morning he was brought out and every hour of each day when it didnt rain he spent in the garden. He would lie on the grass watching things growing, he said. If you watched long enough you could see the buds unsheathe themselves. (Page221) 2 This positive attitude to learning and education can also be seen in Goodnight Mr Tom. Will has a formal education, but has to grow in spirit to progress in the mind. Again its the positiveness of the people and surroundings that help him to a new confidence. Well begin this evening, he said sharply. That do? Wot? Learnin to read and write. Ill teach you to write yer own name for a beginnin. (Page 102) 3 His times of growth and change correspond to when he is with nature. He makes friends and begins to learn how to interact whilst picking blackberries. He becomes more relaxed and confident whilst on holiday by the sea. Again there is this almost holistic approach as Will improves physically, mentally and emotionally. He is able to express himself through art and then acting as his confidence grows. Finally through nature and physical expenditure he is able to come to terms with the grief and loss in his life. In both texts the children are changed by the country folk around them and the ideals and life that they uphold. These rustic folk become educators and healers through their wisdom and plain good sense. The children bloom through a newfound confidence and most importantly an acceptance of oneself. Once this happens they can then consciously and unconsciously redeem the adults around them. In these ways the Wordsworthian ideals are prevalent throughout the texts. Bibliography ENGLISH ROMANTIC VERSE;PENGUIN BOOKS;1986. FROM BLAKE TO BYRON; BORIS FORD; PENGUIN BOOKS; 1982. THE SECRET GARDEN; FRANCES HODGESON BURNETT; PENGUIN CLASSICS; 1995. GOODNIGHT MR TOM; MICHELLE MAGORIAN; PUFFIN BOOKS; 1981. ROMANTIC CRITICAL ESSAYS; DAVID BROMWICH; CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS; 1987. BEYOND ROMANTICISM; ROUTLEDGE; 1992. LITERATURE, EDUCATION AND ROMANTICISM; ALLAN RICHARDSON; CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS; 1984.

Causes and effects of gender based violence

Causes and effects of gender based violence Gender-based violence both reflects and reinforces inequities between men and women and compromises the health, self-respect, safety and sovereignty of its victims. It encompasses an extensive assortment of human rights violations, including sexual exploitation of children, rape, home brutality, sexual battering and harassment, trafficking of women and girls and numerous detrimental customary practices. Any one of these abuses can leave profound mental scars, damage the wellbeing of women and girls in common, including their reproductive and sexual health, and in some instances, results in death. Violence against women has been called the most insidious yet slightest renowned human rights oppression in the globe, and is a demonstration of historically uneven supremacy dealings between men and women, which have led to dominance over and inequity against women by men and to the hindrance of the complete progression of women, that cruelty against women is one of the critical social mech anisms by which women are compelled into a subsidiary position compared with men. Around the world, as many as one in every three women has been beaten, coerced into sex, or maltreated in some other approach most frequently by someone she knows, including by her spouse or another male relatives; one woman in four has been ill-treated during pregnancy. Violence against women mutually violates and impairs or nullifies the gratification by women of their human rights and elementary freedoms. In all societies, to a superior or minor extent, women and girls are subjected to corporal, sexual and mental violence that cuts across ranks of earnings, class and customs. This is a subject which endangers womens lives, bodies, mental uprightness and autonomy. Violence may have reflective effects, both direct and indirect, on a womans reproductive health, including: unnecessary pregnancies and limited admittance to family planning information and contraceptives, treacherous abortion or injuries unremitting throughout a lawful abortion subsequent to an unwanted pregnancy, compl ications from recurrent, high-risk pregnancies and lack of follow-up care, sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, continual gynecological problems as well as mental tribulations. Gender-based violence also serves by purpose or outcome to perpetuate male authority and control. It is sustained by a custom of silence and denunciation of the significance of the health penalty of violence. In addition to the impairment they exact on the individual stage, these outcomes also exact a communal duty and position an intense and needless yoke on health services. According to Murphy and Ringheim, four factors have been constantly linked with violent behavior: norms of male privilege and possession of women; male supervision of possessions in the family; male execution of decision-making in the family; and concepts of masculinity attached to supremacy and nobility (2001). Moreover, UNFPA recognizes that violence against women is inextricably linked to gender-based inequalities. When women and girls are anticipated to be generally submissive, their conduct in relation to their health, together with reproductive health, is unenthusiastically affected at all stages of the life cycle. When investigating the extenuating conditions lack of resources, education, healthcare and the sex trade, we find great and competent relations, and understand that these factors enable the perseverance of this phenomenon. The pervasiveness of home violence in a given society, thus, is the outcome of implicit reception by that society. The way men analyze themselves as men, and the way they think of women, will verify whether they use aggression or intimidation against women. Studies of very young boys and girls show that even though boys may have an inferior acceptance for annoyance, and an inclination towards rough-and-tumble play, these tendencies are dwarfed by the magnitude of male socialization and peer demands into masculinity roles. UNFPA recognizes that ending gender-based violence will mean changing cultural concepts about masculinity, and that procedure should dynamically appoint men, whether they are strategy makers, parents, spouses or little boys. Cross-cultural studies of wife abuse have found that nearly a fifth of peasant and small-scale societies are essentially free of family violence. The existence of such cultures proves that male violence against women is not the inevitable result of male biology or sexuality, but more a matter of how society views masculinity. Most domestic violence involves male anger directed against their women partners. This gender difference appears to be rooted in the way boys and men are socialized biological factors do not seem to account for the dramatic differences in behavior in this regard between men and women. Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to gender-based violence. Some husbands become more violent during the wifes pregnancy, even kicking or hitting their wives in the belly. These women run twice the risk of miscarriage and four times the risk of having a low birth-weight baby. Looking at the pprevalence of and reasons for domestic violence among women from low socioeconomic communities of Karachi, cross-sectional study were conducted to estimate the prevalence of domestic violence and identify the reasons for it among 400 married women aged 15-45 years in low socioeconomic areas in urban Karachi. Data were collected with a pretested questionnaire. The prevalence of verbal abuse was 97.5% by the husband and 97.0% by the in-laws; the prevalence of physical abuse was 80.0% and 57.5% by the husband and in-laws respectively. Financial issues were the commonest reason for domestic violence followed by infertility and not having a son. The prevalence of domestic violence in this sample of women is high. There is a need to address this problem with efforts from health workers, policy-makers, nongovernmental organizations and others (Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2007). The majority of sexual assault victims are young. Women in positions of abject dependence on male authorities are also particularly subject to unwanted sexual coercion. Rape in time of war is still common. It has been extensively documented in recent civil conflicts, and has been used systematically as an instrument of torture or ethnic domination. Now, with precedents set at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, in Tanzania, and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, at The Hague, for mass rape, other acts such as sexual assault, sexual slavery, forced prostitution, forced sterilization, forced abortion, and forced pregnancy may qualify as crimes of torture, crimes against humanity, and even some as crimes of genocide. This vicious cycle of development, identity and gender-based violence in fact explains the empirical evidence of the association between gender based violence and poverty, the individual risk factors of alcohol and substance abuse, ma le unemployment, male educational status and childhood experience of violence. Poverty, lack of education and lack of healthcare increases both vulnerability and the likelihood of exposure to gender based violence. There has also been the prevalence of the sex trade among women as a means of earning income which ultimately has unbearable the consequences on its workers and on women in general. The objectification of women is also a pressing issue that cannot be ignored. Violence, and womens fear of it, limits womens choices in virtually all spheres of life. It has long-term, as well as short-term consequences on womens physical and emotional well-being. It detrimentally affects womens ability to gain an education, earn a livelihood, develop human relationships and participate in public activities, including development programmes. There are different types of problems all over the world that women face, from the wealthiest countries to the poorest. In many countries, women are not entitled to own property or inherit land. Social exclusion, honor killings, female genital mutilation, trafficking, restricted mobility and early marriage among others, deny the right to health to women and girls and increase illness and death throughout the life-course. It will remain difficult for us to see sustainable progress unless we fix failures in health systems and society so that girls and women enjoy equal access to health information and services, education, em ployment and political positions. Reports by UNICEF, State of the Worlds Children, state that reasons for such disparity include the fact that women are generally underpaid and because they often perform low-status jobs, compared to men. UNICEF notes that the data isnt always perfect, and that generalizations such as the above can hide wider fluctuations. In Brazil, for example, women under the age of 25 earn a higher average hourly wage than their male counterparts. (p.39)Women not only earn less than men but also tend to own fewer assets. Smaller salaries and less control over household income constrain their ability to accumulate capital. Gender biases in property and inheritance laws and in other channels of acquiring assets also leave women and children at greater risk of poverty. Paid employment for women does not automatically lead to better outcomes for children. Factors such as the amount of time women spend working outside the household, the conditions under which they are employed and who controls the income they generate determine how the work undertaken by women in the labor market affects their own well-being and that of children (2007, p.36). Moreover, according to the United Nations, in no country in the world do men come anywhere close to women in the amount of time spent in housework. Furthermore, despite the efforts of feminist movements, women in the core [wealthiest, Western countries] still suffer disproportionately, leading to what sociologists refer to as the feminization of poverty, where two out of every three poor adults are women. The informal slogan of the Decade of Women became Women do two-thirds of the worlds work, receive 10 percent of the worlds income and own 1 percent of the means of production (Robbins 1999, p.354). Historically, economic recessions have placed a disproportionate burden on women. Women are more likely than men to be in vulnerable jobs, to be under-employed or without a job, to lack social protection, and to have limited access to and control over economic and financial resources. Policy responses to the financial crisis must take gender equality perspectives into account to ensure, for example, that women as well as men can benefit from employment creation and investments in social infrastructure. According to the Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2009, The economic and financial crisis puts a disproportionate burden on women, who are often concentrated in vulnerable employment, are more likely to be unemployed than men, tend to have lower unemployment and social security benefits, and have unequal access to and control over economic and financial resources. International statistics of the International Labor Organization showed that The economic crisis is expected to in crease the number of unemployed women by up to 22 million in 2009, the International Labor Office (ILO) says in its annual Global Employment Trends for Women report (GET), adding that the global jobs crisis is expected to worsen sharply with the deepening of the recession in 2009. In most societies, rape and domestic violence have on occasion provoked public outrage, but it has been left to womens organizations and movements to take more concerted action. The North does not have all the answers to this problem as gender-based violence is very much in existence in the developed world. Because gender-based violence is sustained by silence, womens voices must be heard. UNFPA puts every effort into enabling women to speak out against gender-based violence, and to get help when they are victims of it. The Fund is also committed to keeping gender-based violence in the spotlight as a major health and human rights concern. Another fascinating fact is that gender based violence is rampant in developed counties as compared to the developing countries. For instance, in a place like the U.S, despite the fact that advocacy groups like National Organization for Women (NOW) have worked for two decades to halt the epidemic of gender-based violence and sexual assault, the numb ers are still shocking. Murder, Intimate Partner Violence or Battering, sexual violence and assault are common phenomena. To the astonishment of most women across the globe, there is such a low conviction rate in gender-based violence cases, women are not believed by men and apparently even by fellow women. The judiciary imposes light sentences on such cases and even to some they are released on very modest bail or a mere warning. UNFPA advocates for legislative reform and enforcement of laws for the promotion and the protection of womens rights to reproductive health choices and informed consent, including promotion of womens awareness of laws , regulations and policies that affect their rights and responsibilities in family life. The Fund promotes zero tolerance of all forms of violence against women and works for the eradication of traditional practices that are harmful to womens reproductive and sexual health, such as rituals associated with puberty. Possible victims have been offered legal, medical and psychological support, and medical referrals when necessary. Attention has been paid to involving communities, and to creating support networks for gender-based violence victims that include both police and health-care providers, along with counseling services. UNFPA has also held workshops for health providers on recognizing the effects of gender-based violence on womens health, and on how to detect and prevent abuse and assist victims. These have stressed the need for confidentiality and monitoring. This body has also strengthening advocacy on gender-based violence in all country programmes, in conjunction with other United Nations partners and NGOs as well as advocating for women with parliamentarians and womens national networks. There have been strategies to counter violence against women and support the survivors. Case studies come from times of peace and times of armed conflict. Sections suggest strategies for transforming attitudes and beliefs in different societies that condone such violence, for supporting individual survivors, and to ensure that governments and NGOs fulfill their duty to protect woman. Womens rights around the world are an important indicator to understand global well-being. A major global womens rights treaty was ratified by the majority of the worlds nations a few decades ago. Yet, despite many successes in empowering women, numerous issues still exist in all areas of life, ranging from the cultural, political to the economic. For example, women often work more than men, yet are paid less; gender discrimination affects girls and women throughout their lifetime; and women and girls are often are the ones that suffer the most poverty. Many may think that womens rights are only an issue in countries where religion is law, such as many Muslim countries. Or even worse, some may think this is no longer an issue at all. But reading this report about the United Nations Womens Treaty and how an increasing number of countries are lodging reservations, will show otherwise. Gender equality furthers the cause of child survival and development for all of society, so the importance of womens rights and gender equality should not be underestimated. As part of its work to counter gender-based violence, UNFPA has supported training of medical professionals, to make them more sensitive towards women who may have experienced violence and to meet their health needs. Governments are not living up to their promises under the Womens Convention to protect women from discrimination and violence such as rape and female genital mutilation. There are many governments who have also not ratified the Convention, including the U.S. Many countries that have ratified it do so with many reservations. Gender equality and the well-being of children go hand in hand since it furthers the cause of child survival and development. It produces a double dividend: It benefits both women and children. Womens equal rights and influence in the key decisions that shape their lives and those of children must be enhanced in three distinct arenas: the household, the workplace and the political sphere. Gender equality is not only morally right, it is pivotal to human progress and sustainable development. Furthermore, this will be taking us closer to achieving the Millennium Development Goal Number 3-promoting gender equality and empowering women-will also contribute to achieving all the other goals, from reducing poverty and hunger to saving childrens lives, improving maternal health, ensuring universal education, combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, and ensuring environmental sustainability. Pressure must be maintained on national governments to prioritise the coordination of programmes and policies across sectors such as health, justice, social welfare and education to ensure that the composite needs of survivors of violence are addressed. Of equal importance is scaling up responses that work media campaigns, hotlines, and one-stop crisis centers and so on. Basically, gender based violence limits women as human beings, drains their energy and hope, and constricts the possibilities of creating a new vision of society. Since it includes threats of violence, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or private, Violence against women is a violation of womens human rights, a cause and consequence of gender inequality, and a major cause of womens ill health. It is a detriment to their well-being, very often a crime, and a significant cost to the resources of the wider society. As a consequence, there are policy issues across the whole range of subjects that concern governments. These issues are particularly important in the area of crime, health, family, education and economic well-being.